Intersticiální brachyterapie

doc. MUDr. Igor Sirák, Ph.D.

Onkologie. 2025:19(1):3

Interstitial brachytherapy of head and neck tumors

Miroslav Hodek, Denisa Pohanková, Petr Paluska, Martina Šůnová, Igor Sirák

Onkologie. 2025:19(1):6-10 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.001

Interstitial brachytherapy (BT) is an effective method for the treatment of head and neck tumours, especially as an adjunct to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and surgery, and in some cases as a stand-alone treatment. This method consists in the implantation of a radionuclide source directly into the tumour or the postoperative bed, allowing targeted radiation dosing with high local control and minimal damage to surrounding tissues. BT is most commonly used for tumours of the lips, tongue, floor of the mouth and buccal mucosa. The use of BT alone is suitable for early stages, while more advanced cases can be treated in combination with EBRT, when...

Interstitial HDR brachytherapy of penile cancer

Denisa Pohanková, Igor Sirák, Miroslav Hodek, Petr Paluska, Jakub Grepl, Linda Kašaová, Martina Šůnová, Miroslava Čapková, Jiří Petera

Onkologie. 2025:19(1):11-14 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.002

Interstitial high-dose rate brachytherapy (HDR BRT) is a promising treatment method for early-stage penile cancer, which in many cases serves as an alternative to primary surgical treatment. This technique allows for the preservation of the penis integrity in up to 80% of patients who would otherwise require radical surgery. As a result, patients experience not only a better quality of life but also significantly fewer post-treatment psychological issues. An important benefit is also the ability to maintain sexual function at a level comparable to that before the treatment.

Accelerated partial radiotherapy of early breast cancer using perioperative interstitial HDR brachytherapy

Denisa Pohanková, Igor Sirák, Miroslav Hodek, Linda Kašaová, Martina Šůnová, Miroslava Čapková, Petr Paluska, Jakub Grepl, Jiří Petera

Onkologie. 2025:19(1):15-17 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.003

Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is a well-established technique for irradiating patients with early-stage breast cancer who meet the indication criteria. The perioperative insertion of brachytherapy catheters reduces the overall treatment time from several weeks to approximately 14 days and allows for catheter placement under direct visual control immediately after tumor removal. Thanks to screening programs and early-stage diagnosis, the number of patients eligible for this treatment continues to rise.

Physical aspects of HDR interstitial brachytherapy planning

Petr Paluska

Onkologie. 2025:19(1):18-21 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.004

High dose rate brachytherapy is realized solely by automatic afterloading irradiators nowadays. The most common are intracavitary and interstitial applications. Cooperation between a physician and a physicist before insertion of applicators is a very important aspect. Changes of applicators' geometry are usually not possible afterwards. A range of imaging modalities can be used for brachytherapy planning. A physical parameters useful for quality assessment and optimization of the plans are presented in this article.

Care of patients undergoing interstitial brachytherapy from the nurse's perspective

Martina Šůnová, Igor Sirák, Denisa Pohanková, Miroslava Čapková, Miroslav Hodek

Onkologie. 2025:19(1):22-24 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.005

Brachytherapy is an advanced method of radiotherapy used in the treatment of cancer. It allows us to introduce a radioactive source directly into the tumour or in close proximity to it. This method allows radiation to be applied with minimal impact on surrounding healthy tissue and is used in the treatment of specific types of tumours. However, this method can also cause unwanted side effects, so it is important that the patient cooperates with the medical staff. Emphasis is placed on proper patient education about the care of the irradiated area and the plastic catheters. This article focuses on the role of the nurse in the care of patients undergoing...

Interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of uterine cervical cancer

Igor Sirák, Denisa Pohanková, Miroslav Hodek, Petr Paluska, Linda Kašaová, Jakub Grepl, Munachiso Onyedikachi Ndukwe, Ivan Práznovec, Martin Kopeček, Petra Bretová, Jiří Petera

Onkologie. 2025:19(1):25-28 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.006

The standard treatment for locally or regionally advanced cervical cancer is definitive chemoradiotherapy, which combines systemic cisplatin chemotherapy with external-beam radiotherapy followed by intracavitary, so-called uterovaginal brachytherapy. The current standard of brachytherapy for cervical cancer is MR-guided 4D-adaptive brachytherapy. Thanks to MR navigation, the current extent of residual tumor involvement and the coverage of target volumes by intracavitary application into the uterus is visible during each brachytherapy fraction. In more than a third of patients, however, it is impossible to cover the target structures with a therapeutic...

Second-line therapy for KRAS-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer

Martin Svatoň

Onkologie. 2025:19(1):29-32 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.007

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a KRAS mutation is the most common type of lung tumour with a sensitive mutation. At the same time, KRAS mutation is associated with a poor prognosis for patients. Therefore, the outlook for longer survival of patients with KRAS-mutated metastatic NSCLC has not been good for a long time. However, the prognosis of these patients has changed dramatically in recent years. The possibility of immunotherapy treatment as well as targeted treatment using tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the KRAS G12C point mutation has increased prognosis of this patients. The article presents these option of targeted therapy for the second...

Treatment options for KRAS G12C mutated metastatic colorectal cancer

Marián Liberko

Onkologie. 2025:19(1):33-36 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.008

Metastatic colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease where treatment is individually selected according to the knowledge of the molecular characteristics of the tumour. As the knowledge of the molecular biology of the disease increases, the number of potential targets for specific therapies increases. In recent years, KRAS G12C inhibitor therapy has become a new treatment option for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with a proven KRAS G12C mutation. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of current treatment options for this entity.

Case report of a patient with a long-term effect trifludine/tipiracil

Anna Nohejlová Medková

Onkologie. 2025:19(1):38-41 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.009

Colorectal cancer is among the most common malignancies in the Czech Republic. Over the past decades, significant advances in its treatment have been achieved, leading to prolonged overall survival of patients. In 2016, based on the results of the RECOURSE study, a new drug for pretreated patients - trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102), was approved. Compared to placebo, it prolongs overall survival without compromi­sing quality of life. We present the case of a patient who has experienced long-term benefits from this therapy.

Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma

Vladimír Bartoš, Dagmar Hurtová

Onkologie. 2025:19(1):42-45 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.010

Introduction: Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor of the skin. It clinically and histogenetically shares similar features with atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and they are thought to represent the morphologic spectrum of one neoplasia. Case report: A 60-year-old man with a history of vocal cord carcinoma had observed an ulcerated skin tumor in the scalp growing for several months. It was removed by surgical excision. Histology revealed a solid mesenchymal tumor consisting of atypical cells population of epithelioid and histiocytoid appearance. At the base, it infiltrated the subcutaneous fat and extended into the deep...

Coping strategies during treatment and recovery among oncology patients engaged in patient groups

Olga Klepáčková, Milan Tomka

Onkologie. 2025:19(1):46-49 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.011

The research of individual patient coping strategies is a topic of interest in the current global trend of developing psycho-oncology and psychosocial support in oncology. Implementing knowledge in nursing care can support more effective planning and meeting patient needs in line with a holistic approach, which is central to modern person-centered care. This article presents the findings of a pilot study focused on coping strategies for difficult life situations during treatment and recovery among oncology patients engaged in patient groups within the context of nursing in oncology.

Imunoonkologická léčba NSCLC napříč stadii

MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová

Onkologie. 2025:19(1):50-52

Nové možnosti terčové léčby v kombinaci s chemoterapií

MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová

Onkologie. 2025:19(1):55-57

Trastuzumab deruxtecan u pacientů s předléčeným metastatickým nemalobuněčným karcinomem plic s HER2 (ERBB2) mutací

MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová

Onkologie. 2025:19(1):58-60