Zrnka pozitiv v náročných prožitcích

PhDr. Ing. Martin Pospíchal

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.C): 3  

How to manage side effects of immunotherapy

Jindřich Kopecký, Ondřej Kubeček

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.C): 6-12 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.049  

Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors is considered to be one of the greatest advances in cancer therapy in the last decade. Its effectiveness brings hope for patients with various types of tumors, both solid and hematologic. On the other hand, due to the specific mechanism of action, we have to face diametrically different side effects, we were used to be in the past. These effects are similar to autoimmune diseases, called as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). In most cases, these effects are of lower severity and are easily manageble. However, in some cases, or in cases of delayed intervention, they may have a fatal outcome. The main prerequisite...

Adrese efect of chemotherapy

Veronika Novotná, Denisa Pohanková, Igor Sirák, Jiří Petera

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.C): 13-17 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.050  

Background: Chemotherapy is an important modality used in treating cancer diseases. Strictly speaking, the term chemotherapy refers to treatment with cytostatic drugs. This treatment is associated with a number of adverse effects that, more or less, can currently be managed and prevented. The most common adverse effects include fatigue, nausea and vomiting, hair loss, diarrhoea and constipation, blood count alterations such as anaemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and associated infections, fever, or bleeding. Many side effects of chemotherapy occur in patients within one or several days of chemotherapy administration, after patients have returned...

Adverse effects of targeted cancer treatment

Miroslav Žiaran, Jindřich Kopecký

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.C): 18-23 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.051  

Targeted therapy, along with immunotherapy, is considered one of the greatest advances in cancer treatment in the last decade. Its efficacy has changed the prognosis across oncology. The general mechanism of action of targeted therapy involves inhibition of aberrant signalling pathways that are responsible for tumour growth. However, given the fact that these signalling pathways are also present in healthy cells, potential adverse effects should be taken into account. The most frequent and most severe adverse effects encountered in oncological practice include dermal, vascular, gastrointestinal, cardiac and mucosal toxicity, as well as osteonecrosis...

Managing adverse effects of radiotherapy

Pavel Krupa

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.C): 24-29 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.052  

The article describes principle of formation, prevention and basic healing of adverse events of radiotherapy.

Cutaneous adverse effects of anticancer treatment

Miroslav Důra

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.C): 30-34 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.053  

The present article summarizes cutaneous adverse effects of anticancer treatment - chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Also discussed are cutaneous adverse effects of radiotherapy and the recall reactions. To evaluate severity, the new CTCAE v5.0 classification is taken into account; in the case of radiation radiation dermatitis dermatitis, the RTOG scale is used. Appropriate education, prevention, early recognition and treatment can all aid in fighting the inevitable adverse effects of anticancer treatment in an effective way.

How to approach anorexia and nutrition in palliative patients?

Lukáš Pochop

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.C): 35-38 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.054  

Nutrition is an integral part of comprehensive patient care. Diet intake is associated with vitality and the possibility of continuing cancer therapy. It should be noted that with advanced cancer, the body's ability to use energy changes. Weight loss and anorexia can have various causes. In many cases, these causes can be influenced by appropriate medication adjustment as well as by dietary measures. Adequate education of caregivers leads to less urge for "healthy nutrition" and the associated effort to find a miracle pill. The goal is proper nutrition at the right time, thus providing appropriate comfort to palliative patients.

Communicating bad news to cancer patients and demanding communications in practice

Martin Pospíchal, Ivona Šporcrová

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.C): 39-42 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.055  

Oncology practice brings along with undeniable successes. On the other side also brings situations where we do not have good news for patients. Moments in which we can offer nothing more than our presence and support. Here, more than ever, it depends on how we approach the other person, how we communicate humanly bad news. This article deals with the issue of communicating bad news in oncology practice.