Některé užitečné prvky komunikace

MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.

Onkologie. 2014:8(2):51  

Gynekologické nádory u dospívajících a mladých žen - úvod do problematiky

MUDr. Viera Bajčiová, CSc.

Onkologie. 2014:8(2):53  

Ovarian tumors in children and adolescent girls

Viera Bajčiová

Onkologie. 2014:8(2):54-60  

Ovarian tumors are rare tumors in children, their incidence is much higher in adolescent girls. In generation younger than 20 years of the age germ cell tumors are the commonest ovarian neoplasms. Epithelial tumors – carcinomas are extremly rare with less agressive clinical behavior comparing with older women. Sex-cord stromal tumors are the most common cause of pseudopubertas praecox in girls. The prognosis and outcome is very good, more than 90% of patients are long term survivors. This is a review of current knowledges of ovarian tumors in young generation.

Fertilits preservation in adolescent women with newly diagnosed cancer

Martin Huser, Igor Crha, Jana Žáková, Pavel Ventruba

Onkologie. 2014:8(2):61-63  

Effective treatment of cancer often causes patients irreversible damage of reproductive abilities. Modern markers ovarian reserves are introduced. These clinical examinations can effectively help to evaluate the risk of irreversible damage of gonadal cells done by oncology disease or its curative treatment. The paper describes current oncofertility techiques implemented to clinical practice – embryo and oocyte banking, ovarian tissue cryopreservation including further possibility of its orthotopic autotransplantation and administration of gonadoliberin analogues for ovarian protection. Attention is applied to pro and contras of previously...

Other neoplasms in survivors aged 0-49 years with gynaecological cancers

Edvard Geryk, Radim Štampach, Viera Bajčiová, Teodor Horváth

Onkologie. 2014:8(2):64-71  

The neoplasms following primary cancers of cervix (CC), uterus (CU), ovary (CO), and primary neoplasms before these gynaecological cancers (GC), were analyzed in a retrospective study in survived females aged 0–49 years, notified in the National Czech Cancer Registry between 1976 and 2010. A total 3,727 patients of these three diagnoses, presented 12.1 % of 30,794 newly registered GC, were associated with 4,160 other neoplasms. Their development was concerned with a) 1,339 females with primary CC, 715 with CU and 664 with CO (followed by 1,509 and 831, respectively 758 other neoplasms) and b) subsequent 263 CC, 212 CU and 534 CO (preceded...

News in the diagnosis of predictive markers in colorectal cancer

Aleš Ryška

Onkologie. 2014:8(2):72-74  

For an appropriate therapeutic decision about optimal tratment of colorectal carcinoma oncologist needs in addition to complete histopathological data summarizing morphological diagnosis, grade, stage and radicality of surgery also the mutation status of KRAS and NRAS genes. It is a pathologist's task to select the appropriate tissue block, optimal testing method as well as to control all phases of the testing process (pre-analytical and analytical phases and interpretation of results).

Hormonal therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer, are there lines of therapy?

Michaela Matoušková, Miroslav Hanuš

Onkologie. 2014:8(2):75-79  

The knowledge of hormone dependence of prostate cancer and the possibilities of interfering with it were described as early as the 1940s. In a large proportion of patients, surgical castration is replaced by medical castration by means of LHRH agonists. In order to reduce testosterone level fluctuations during LHRH administration (mini flare-up phenomenon) and, thus, the action of non-castrate testosterone levels during treatment on the androgen receptor, administration of LHRH antagonists is more convenient. Despite a good and often long-term response to hormonal therapy, failure of the treatment modality occurs. The monotherapy administered...

Targeted therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and treatment sequences: a current view

Alexandr Poprach, Tomáš Büchler, Radek Lakomý, Jiří Tomášek

Onkologie. 2014:8(2):80-85  

Advanced or metastatic inoperable renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) remains an incurable disease despite significant advances in systemic treatment. Currently, there are seven targeted agents available in the Czech Republic. Sunitinib, pazopanib, temsirolimus, or bevacizumab/ interferon-α can be used as first-line therapy, everolimus, axitinib, sorafenib, or (in selected patients) sunitinib can be used in the second line. Everolimus can also be used for third-line treatment. The choice of a first-line targeted agent is influenced by results of prospective randomised clinical trials as well as clinical status of the patient and therapeutic intent....

Modern trends in the treatment of advanced malignant melanoma

Radek Lakomý, Alexandr Poprach, Renata Koukalová, Jiří Šána

Onkologie. 2014:8(2):86-91  

The standard treatment of advanced malignant melanoma was radically changed. The available chemotherapy and immunotherapy have not been able to significantly prolong survival of our patients before 2011. The progress has been made with targeted therapy (BRAF and MEK inhibitors) and modern immunotherapy (antibody against CTLA-4 and potentially PD-1/PD-L1). Combinations of targeted drugs are being intensively studied to delay or prevent of resistance and tumor progression. New molecular targets are needed, particularly for patients without BRAF mutations. The evolving knowledge of optimal combinations and sequence of therapeutic agents is important...

Complications of cervical cancer treatment

Zdeňka Pešová

Onkologie. 2014:8(2):93-94  

In the treatment of cervical cancer is the use of the three treatment modalities – surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Possible complications could appear at all modes. We can achieve early detection of signs of complications by intensive monitoring of patients undergoing treatment for cervical cancer. This will greatly increase the success rate of treatment.